Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Key idea

Multiplying a×b means adding a copies of b.

In depth

a × b means a groups of b. Adding b to itself a times gives the same total. Multiplication is just a faster way to write long repeated sums.

Worked example

4 × 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24.

Formula

Real-world uses

• Calculating the cost of 6 items at £3 each
• Finding area of a tiled floor
• Counting rows of seats

Common mistake

Mixing up which number is the group count and which is the group size. The answer is the same, but the picture differs.

How to learn this

1. Read the key idea and say it in your own words.
2. Work through the worked example, then try a similar problem.
3. Use the interactive lesson’s visual and mini-quiz to check the pattern.

Frequently asked questions

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Related beginner topics in Arithmetic & Number Sense

• Counting & Cardinality – Assigning one number word to each object to find how many there are.
• Place Value – The value of a digit depends on its position: ones, tens, hundreds and so on.
• Number Line – A line where numbers are placed in order at equal spacing to compare and add them.
• Comparing Numbers – Use <, > and = to say which number is smaller, larger or equal.
• Ordering Numbers – Arranging numbers from least to greatest or the reverse.
• Even and Odd Numbers – Even numbers divide by 2 with no remainder; odd numbers leave remainder 1.